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Thursday, December 27, 2007

A Common Mispronunciation: Village vs. Disbelief

According to Lisan Al-Arab, the word kafr, meaning, "village" is Syriac in origin and is most commonly used for small villages named after individuals in the Levant. It is not surprising then, that one finds cities in Northern Jordan and Syria named this way. However, one of my peeves is the way the locals pronounce the word as kufr (meaning, "disbelief") instead of kafr. (In Arabic, short vowels are not normally written, but local pronunciation and transliteration renders it kufr.) One does not find this mispronunciation in Egypt: over there, it is Kafr El-Sheikh, Kafr Abdu, and Kafr El-Zayyat.

This mispronunciation of the a is not limited to the word kafr. Rather, one finds people in the Levant saying yokel ("he eats") instead of yakul and the Syrians will even say mughrib instead of maghrib. The interesting thing is that the active participle of Arabic is fa'il while the active participle of Hebrew is po'el. (The, "f" and "p" sounds are often interchanged in many languages.) Is it possible that this Levantine pronunciation of a as o has its origins in the native Semitic language spoken here before the arrival of Arabic?

4 Comments:

  • At 3:24 PM , Blogger alajnabiya said...

    Assalaamu 'alaikum,

    They pronounce it "kufr" in Palestine too, at least where I live. Thanks for explaining it to me. I really like your language oriented posts. There are so many variations in the way words are pronounced from region to region, and the madani/falahi/bedu variations, I seriously don't know if I will ever be able to learn Arabic!

     
  • At 6:59 AM , Blogger Flicken said...

    Glad you like the post.

    There will always be large variations in any language that is spoken over a large geographical area. You probably understand some dialects of Arabic better than some dialects of English. Once I heard a couple Guyanese brothers talking and I asked them, "What language is that?" to which they replied, "English."

    In general, mass media and education iron out the differences among many dialects, so you can expect these differences to lessen over time. In America, the more neutral Californian accent dominates media. The same holds with the Cairene accent dominating Egypt to the point where people consider it the Egyptian accent. What one notices about the Arabs in the West is that they all modify their dialects to be slightly closer to Classical Arabic so that they can easily understand one another. (In general, the big-city, university-educated Palestinians have a very neutral accent and are easy to understand.) With the growing popularity of Al-Jazeera and other pan-Arab media, one imagines that many dialectic differences will disappear over time, but we'll probably be gone by then.

     
  • At 9:59 AM , Blogger UmmFarouq said...

    I suppose that my husband's dialect is Palestinian with a bit of Gulf (Kuwait) influence, and he does pronounce the 'qaf' in words. His sister, on the other hand, likes to pronounce the soft jh jh jeem, does not say the 'qaf' in words, and really digs the Lebanese accent.

    I find the Lebanese accent to be annoying; not the folks from Teropolis but the women who, when they speak, sound like they have a large bubble of air in their throats. I wonder if this is from the French influence in Lebanon?

    Fascinating, these dialects.

     
  • At 8:25 AM , Blogger Flicken said...

    It's good to see that you're learning Palestinian/Jordanian prejudices from your husband. :)

    While the Palestinians and Jordanians find the Egyptian accent cute or funny, they find the Syrian/Lebanese accent downright effeminate. A lot of the city girls in this area imitate their accent for exactly that reason and many men avoid it for the same.

    I don't think the Syrian/Lebanese accent sounds the way it does b/c of French influence. The North African (esp. Algerian) dialects have a lot of French in them but sound very different from Syrian. I think that's just the way the Syrians speak. Once I was asking a Syrian man for a phone number and it was very entertaining, "Khamseeeeeh, Sitteeeeeeh..."

     

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