Transliterating the Hard & Soft 'G' Into Arabic
In previous posts, I spoke about how certain letters are pronounced. Today I want to look at how the soft and hard 'g' sounds are transcribed from foreign words into Arabic script. I know of four methods:
- In Saudi Arabia, the soft 'g' sound is written as a jeem and the hard 'g' sound is written as a qaf. This agrees with the common pronunciations of qaf and jeem in that country. However, sometimes people pronounce qaf in its Qur'anic way. I remember hearing a Saudi woman asking her daughter تبغي قاطو (tibghi qateau), "Do you want qateau?" Maybe she pronounced the qaf in its Qur'anic manner because she was unfamiliar with the word. Arabs often default to Qur'anic pronunciation when they don't know a word.
- In Egypt, the soft 'g' sound is written as the Persian letter cheh (ﭺ) and the hard 'g' sound is written as jeem, which is pronounced geem in the urban Egyptian dialect anyway. I remember seeing جراﭺ written in Egypt once and wondering, "What is jarach?"
- In Jordan, both the hard and soft 'g' are written as the letter jeem. This has brought a new phenomenon into Arabic phonetics: the ambiguity of a letter's pronunciation.
- The hard 'g' is also sometimes transliterated as a ghayn and pronounced that way (i.e. without attempting to pronounce it as a hard 'g' at all). This is certainly what was done historically. In Arabic, Pythagoras is written فيثاغورس Feethaghoris. The Levant and Saudi Arabia use this method for words like, "gram", which end up becoming غرام ghram in Arabic. The problem is that vowels are not written in Arabic, so this ends up looking like the word for ardour (Ar. gharam). Egypt transliterates, "gram" with a jeem, or should I say geem?
9 Comments:
At 7:24 PM , mujahid7ia said...
Interesting post, especially how the cheh is used for for a hard g. The garach. lol
At 6:52 AM , Flicken said...
While Egyptians write the soft 'g' as cheh, they actually pronounce it like the French 'j'. Egyptians are the opposite of Jordanian men in this regard: while the former always say the soft 'g' like the French, the latter always say it like the English pronunciation of, "George".
At 8:56 AM , Anonymous said...
Salam 'Alaikum
You mean as in Burjer Kinj?
At 5:15 AM , Flicken said...
Wa alaikum assalam.
Well, "Burger King" is with hard g's, and they've made a point of making sure their name is well-known, so no one mispronounces it. However, since Colgate is written with a jeem, you do find many Arabs who pronounce it, "Coljate."
Were you just being joofy?
At 12:07 AM , Anonymous said...
//Were you just being joofy?//
Jes. But it is a meme that gets in your head. You see the sign and part of you wants to say "Burjer Kinj." Or "Hot Doj."
At 1:43 PM , UmmFarouq said...
Or, it's like coming to Kharabsheh, via Jardins Street.
If cake was sorry / not edible, please, feedback appreciated.
At 12:42 PM , Flicken said...
Regarding Burjer Kinj, we just have to get used to the jeem in Arabic being ambiguous, like the English 'g'.
Regarding Jardins street, it actually wouldn't be too bad, because it is actually, "jardin" in French.
Regarding the cake, it was really good. I could taste the quality. I would buy again, insha' Allah.
At 6:31 PM , Anonymous said...
Salaam 'Alaikum
Or they could surrender to the invented "Geem," (jeem with three dots under it, like "Va" is fa with three dots on top).
At 5:20 AM , Flicken said...
Wa alaikum assalam.
Actually, this is something that the Academy of the Arabic Language should deal with.
My preference would be for them to just borrow from the Persian alphabet, which has had these sounds all along. The Persians have letters for the French j, the English j, the hard g, the p, the v, and the ch sound.
However, the problem is that if one uses any of the letters that are already used in Arabic, the pronunciation will vary from country to country. You can't stop Egyptians from pronouncing jeem as the hard g nor the Syrians from pronouncing it as the French j, nor rural Jordanians from pronouncing it as the English j. So, it would seem that we'd need completely new letters that are unused now to transliterate foreign words properly.
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